AtoZ Diseases

What is this Condition?

Unlike the nausea and vomiting a woman may normally have between the 6th and 12th weeks of pregnancy, this condition involves severe, constant nausea and vomiting that persist after the first trimester. If untreated, it produces substantial weight loss, starvation, dehydration, and other problems.

This condition occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. The prognosis is good with appropriate treatment.

What Causes it?

Although its cause is unknown, abnormal vomiting during pregnancy often affects women with conditions that produce high levels of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin. These conditions include cysts in the uterus or multiple pregnancy. Other possible causes include pancreatitis, bile duct disease, drug toxicity, inflammatory bowel disease, and vitamin deficiencies (especially of vitamin B G )·

What are its Symptoms?

The cardinal symptoms of this disorder are constant nausea and vomiting. The vomit initially contains undigested food, mucus, and small amounts of bile; later, only bile and mucus; and finally, blood and material that resembles coffee grounds. Persistent vomiting causes substantial weight loss and eventual emaciation.

How is it Diagnosed?

Diagnosis depends on a history of uncontrolled nausea and vomiting that persists beyond the first trimester, evidence of substantial weight loss, and other characteristic symptoms. Lab tests may also provide important evidence. Diagnosis must rule out other conditions with similar clinical effects.

How is it Treated?

The woman with this condition may require hospitalization to correct electrolyte imbalances and prevent starvation. Intravenous feedings maintain nutrition until her condition improves. She progresses slowly to a clear liquid diet, then a full liquid diet and, finally, small, frequent meals of high-protein solid foods. Snacks help stabilize blood sugar levels, and vitamin B supplements help correct vitamin deficiency.

When vomiting stops and electrolyte balance has been restored, the pregnancy usually continues uneventfully, and most women feel better as they begin to regain normal weight. However, some continue to vomit throughout the pregnancy, requiring further treatment. If appropriate, some women may benefit from consultations with a clinical nurse specialist, a psychologist, or a psychiatrist.

What can a Pregnant Woman with Abnormal Vomiting do?

Eat dry foods if you have a poor appetite, and decrease your liquid intake during meals. To boost your appetite, try to have company and conversation at mealtimes. Stay upright for 45 minutes after eating to decrease the risk of vomiting.

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